the following simulation was done with a 
        0.00 percent change in voc. 

            voc            nox           o3            time
 

  predicted changes in ozone for future changes in hc 

  voc     nox     co      o3    %-chg voc  %-chg nox  %-chg co   %-chg o3

 

  predicted changes in ozone for future changes in nox

  voc     nox     co      o3    %-chg voc  %-chg nox  %-chg co   %-chg o3

 

  predicted changes in ozone for future changes in co 

  voc     nox     co      o3    %-chg voc  %-chg nox  %-chg co   %-chg o3

   800     900    1000    1100    1200    1300    1400    1500
 height   250.0   631.5  1173.7  1726.2  2156.8  2460.1  2678.6  2846.0


temperature (at the beginning of each hour)

 hour       0       1       2       3       4       5       6       7       8
            9      10      11
 temp     294.0   297.0   300.0   303.0   304.0   305.0   306.0   306.0   307.0
          307.0   306.0   304.0


pressure    0.97  atmosphere


water concentrations (at the beginning of each hour)

 hour        0       1       2       3       4       5       6       7       8
            9      10      11
 ppm     16841.  17753.  17944.  17493.  17166.  16737.  15707.  15707.  16057.
         16057.  18652.  19807.


relative humidity (at the beginning of each hour)

 hour        0       1       2       3       4       5       6       7       8
            9      10      11
 rh (%)    68.0    60.0    51.0    42.0    39.0    36.0    32.0    32.0    31.0
           31.0    38.0    45.0


voc reactivity fractions

             initial     transport     
     voc     emitted   aloft  surface

     par     0.564    0.498    0.498
     eth     0.037    0.034    0.034
     ole     0.035    0.020    0.020
     tol     0.089    0.042    0.042
     xyl     0.117    0.026    0.026
     form    0.021    0.070    0.070
     ald2    0.052    0.037    0.037
     dien    0.000    0.000    0.000
     nr      0.085    0.273    0.273

    no2/nox ratios:

    initial emitted surface mix = 0.25
    transported surface mixture = 1.00
    transported aloft mixture   = 1.00
    hourly emissions            = 0.05



transported concentrations

 surface      o3  = 0.000    voc = 0.000    nox = 0.000    co  = 0.000  ppm

 aloft        voc = 0.030    nox = 0.002    co  = 0.500  ppm
  height   o3 aloft
    100.    0.0555



emissions fractions
   (ratioed to initial concentrations for initial mixing height and 298.15 k)

          hour     1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9    10

species   m.w.

  voc    14.50 0.050 0.049 0.047 0.047 0.048 0.048 0.048 0.049 0.051 0.053

  nox    46.00 0.075 0.067 0.060 0.060 0.062 0.061 0.061 0.064 0.070 0.074

  isop   68.13 3.876 5.88613.35021.10222.96824.26023.68622.53719.95314.786

  apin  136.24 0.718 0.933 1.149 1.436 1.507 1.579 1.651 1.651 1.651 1.579

  co     28.00 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.000



mass emissions
   (kg/km**2 at 298.15 k)

          hour     1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9    10

species

  voc            5.0   4.9   4.7   4.7   4.7   4.7   4.7   4.8   5.0   5.3

  nox            2.1   1.9   1.7   1.7   1.8   1.7   1.7   1.8   2.0   2.1

  isop           0.3   0.4   0.9   1.5   1.6   1.7   1.7   1.6   1.4   1.0

  apin           0.1   0.1   0.2   0.2   0.2   0.2   0.2   0.2   0.2   0.2

  co             9.7   8.8   8.2   8.2   8.5   8.4   8.4   8.8   9.1   0.0



surface deposition rates (cm/sec)

 species  hour     1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9    10
                  11    12    13    14
  no2     rate 0.480 0.540 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.540 0.480
               0.360 0.240 0.000 0.000
  o3      rate 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.700 0.600
               0.500 0.300 0.000 0.000
  hno3    rate 3.000 3.300 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.300 3.200
               3.000 2.600 0.000 0.000
  h2o2    rate 1.800 1.900 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 1.900 1.800
               1.700 1.600 0.000 0.000
  pan     rate 0.480 0.540 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.540 0.480
               0.360 0.240 0.000 0.000


 ekma calculations are performed to estimate
 site-specific voc control requirements

    base year

 ozone                                0.158 ppm
 voc/nox                             11.100
 co from emissions (6 to 9 a.m.)      1.700 ppm

    future year

 anticipated change in nox          -20.000 percent
 anticipated change in co           -20.000 percent
 co from emissions (6 to 9 a.m.)      1.360 ppm
 voc   transported aloft              0.024 ppmc
 nox   transported aloft              0.002 ppm 
 co    transported aloft              0.500 ppm 
  height   o3 aloft
    100.    0.0527
 ozone in the surface layer           0.000 ppm
 voc   in the surface layer           0.000 ppmc
 nox   in the surface layer           0.000 ppm
 co    in the surface layer           0.000 ppm





 the following ekma simulations were done.
            voc           nox            o3            time
         1.00000        0.09009        0.14667          1850.
         1.07727        0.09705        0.15115          1850.
         1.19536        0.10769        0.15789          1851.
 

    the following simulation was done with a 
        0.00 percent change in voc. 

            voc            nox           o3            time
         1.19536        0.08615        0.14585          1850.
 

  predicted changes in ozone for future changes in hc 

  voc     nox     co      o3    %-chg voc  %-chg nox  %-chg co   %-chg o3

 1.195  0.086   1.360   .1459       0.0      -20.0     -20.0       -7.6
 1.076  0.086   1.360   .1441     -10.0      -20.0     -20.0       -8.7
 0.956  0.086   1.360   .1416     -20.0      -20.0     -20.0      -10.3
 0.837  0.086   1.360   .1388     -30.0      -20.0     -20.0      -12.1
 0.717  0.086   1.360   .1351     -40.0      -20.0     -20.0      -14.4
 0.598  0.086   1.360   .1310     -50.0      -20.0     -20.0      -17.0
 0.478  0.086   1.360   .1260     -60.0      -20.0     -20.0      -20.2
 0.359  0.086   1.360   .1201     -70.0      -20.0     -20.0      -24.0
 0.239  0.086   1.360   .1126     -80.0      -20.0     -20.0      -28.7
 0.120  0.086   1.360   .1032     -90.0      -20.0     -20.0      -34.7
 0.000  0.086   1.360   .0901    -100.0      -20.0     -20.0      -43.0
 

  predicted changes in ozone for future changes in nox

  voc     nox     co      o3    %-chg voc  %-chg nox  %-chg co   %-chg o3

 1.195  0.108   1.360   .1554       0.0        0.0     -20.0       -1.6
 1.195  0.097   1.360   .1510       0.0      -10.0     -20.0       -4.4
 1.195  0.086   1.360   .1459       0.0      -20.0     -20.0       -7.6
 1.195  0.075   1.360   .1401       0.0      -30.0     -20.0      -11.2
 1.195  0.065   1.360   .1335       0.0      -40.0     -20.0      -15.5
 1.195  0.054   1.360   .1259       0.0      -50.0     -20.0      -20.3
 1.195  0.043   1.360   .1169       0.0      -60.0     -20.0      -26.0
 1.195  0.032   1.360   .1067       0.0      -70.0     -20.0      -32.4
 1.195  0.022   1.360   .0947       0.0      -80.0     -20.0      -40.0
 1.195  0.011   1.360   .0808       0.0      -90.0     -20.0      -48.9
 1.195  0.000   1.360   .0650       0.0     -100.0     -20.0      -58.8
 

  predicted changes in ozone for future changes in co 

  voc     nox     co      o3    %-chg voc  %-chg nox  %-chg co   %-chg o3

 1.195  0.086   1.700   .1463       0.0      -20.0       0.0       -7.3
 1.195  0.086   1.530   .1461       0.0      -20.0     -10.0       -7.5
 1.195  0.086   1.360   .1459       0.0      -20.0     -20.0       -7.6
 1.195  0.086   1.190   .1456       0.0      -20.0     -30.0       -7.8
 1.195  0.086   1.020   .1453       0.0      -20.0     -40.0       -8.0
 1.195  0.086   0.850   .1451       0.0      -20.0     -50.0       -8.1
 1.195  0.086   0.680   .1449       0.0      -20.0     -60.0       -8.2
 1.195  0.086   0.510   .1446       0.0      -20.0     -70.0       -8.4
 1.195  0.086   0.340   .1445       0.0      -20.0     -80.0       -8.5
 1.195  0.086   0.170   .1441       0.0      -20.0     -90.0       -8.7
 1.195  0.086   0.000   .1439       0.0      -20.0    -100.0       -8.8

multiple calculations performed for isopleth diagram
      all calculations use initial co =  1.700 ppm

the chemical mechanism file is:  


Sample run for Durham, NC                                               


photolytic rate constants calculated for

         Durham, NC              

 latitude      35.590
 longitude     78.530
 time zone     4

 date         7      8   1998
 time         800   to   2000     local daylight time


dilution determined from the following

 inversion heights     initial   250.     final      2846.
 timing                start     800.     stop       1500.


mixing heights (at the beginning of each hour)

 hour      800     900    1000    1100    1200    1300    1400    1500
 height   250.0   631.5  1173.7  1726.2  2156.8  2460.1  2678.6  2846.0


temperature (at the beginning of each hour)

 hour       0       1       2       3       4       5       6       7       8
            9      10      11
 temp     294.0   297.0   300.0   303.0   304.0   305.0   306.0   306.0   307.0
          307.0   306.0   304.0


pressure    0.97  atmosphere


water concentrations (at the beginning of each hour)

 hour        0       1       2       3       4       5       6       7       8
            9      10      11
 ppm     16841.  17753.  17944.  17493.  17166.  16737.  15707.  15707.  16057.
         16057.  18652.  19807.


relative humidity (at the beginning of each hour)

 hour        0       1       2       3       4       5       6       7       8
            9      10      11
 rh (%)    68.0    60.0    51.0    42.0    39.0    36.0    32.0    32.0    31.0
           31.0    38.0    45.0


voc reactivity fractions

             initial     transport     
     voc     emitted   aloft  surface

     par     0.564    0.498    0.498
     eth     0.037    0.034    0.034
     ole     0.035    0.020    0.020
     tol     0.089    0.042    0.042
     xyl     0.117    0.026    0.026
     form    0.021    0.070    0.070
     ald2    0.052    0.037    0.037
     dien    0.000    0.000    0.000
     nr      0.085    0.273    0.273

    no2/nox ratios:

    initial emitted surface mix = 0.25
    transported surface mixture = 1.00
    transported aloft mixture   = 1.00
    hourly emissions            = 0.05



transported concentrations

 surface      o3  = 0.000    voc = 0.000    nox = 0.000    co  = 0.000  ppm

 aloft        voc = 0.030    nox = 0.002    co  = 0.500  ppm
  height   o3 aloft
    100.    0.0555



emissions fractions
   (ratioed to initial concentrations for initial mixing height and 298.15 k)

          hour     1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9    10

species   m.w.

  voc    14.50 0.050 0.049 0.047 0.047 0.048 0.048 0.048 0.049 0.051 0.053

  nox    46.00 0.075 0.067 0.060 0.060 0.062 0.061 0.061 0.064 0.070 0.074

  isop   68.13 3.876 5.88613.35021.10222.96824.26023.68622.53719.95314.786

  apin  136.24 0.718 0.933 1.149 1.436 1.507 1.579 1.651 1.651 1.651 1.579

  co     28.00 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.000



mass emissions
   (kg/km**2 at 298.15 k)

          hour     1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9    10

species

  voc            5.0   4.9   4.7   4.7   4.7   4.7   4.7   4.8   5.0   5.3

  nox            2.1   1.9   1.7   1.7   1.8   1.7   1.7   1.8   2.0   2.1

  isop           0.3   0.4   0.9   1.5   1.6   1.7   1.7   1.6   1.4   1.0

  apin           0.1   0.1   0.2   0.2   0.2   0.2   0.2   0.2   0.2   0.2

  co             9.7   8.8   8.2   8.2   8.5   8.4   8.4   8.8   9.1   0.0



surface deposition rates (cm/sec)

 species  hour     1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9    10
                  11    12    13    14
  no2     rate 0.480 0.540 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.540 0.480
               0.360 0.240 0.000 0.000
  o3      rate 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.700 0.600
               0.500 0.300 0.000 0.000
  hno3    rate 3.000 3.300 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.300 3.200
               3.000 2.600 0.000 0.000
  h2o2    rate 1.800 1.900 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 1.900 1.800
               1.700 1.600 0.000 0.000
  pan     rate 0.480 0.540 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.540 0.480
               0.360 0.240 0.000 0.000


              the following simulations were done.

       voc      nox       ratio       o3  
     0.00000  0.00000    0.00000    7.229E-02
     0.00000  0.02000    0.00000    8.895E-02
     0.00000  0.04000    0.00000    9.782E-02
     0.00000  0.06000    0.00000    1.020E-01
     0.00000  0.08000    0.00000    1.007E-01
     0.00000  0.10000    0.00000    8.988E-02
     0.00000  0.12000    0.00000    7.455E-02
     0.00000  0.14000    0.00000    6.407E-02
     0.00000  0.16000    0.00000    5.671E-02
     0.00000  0.18000    0.00000    5.159E-02
     0.00000  0.20000    0.00000    4.768E-02
     0.20000  0.00000    0.00000    7.202E-02
     0.20000  0.02000   10.00000    9.321E-02
     0.20000  0.04000    5.00000    1.049E-01
     0.20000  0.06000    3.33333    1.120E-01
     0.20000  0.08000    2.50000    1.151E-01
     0.20000  0.10000    2.00000    1.132E-01
     0.20000  0.12000    1.66667    1.027E-01
     0.20000  0.14000    1.42857    8.675E-02
     0.20000  0.16000    1.25000    7.406E-02
     0.20000  0.18000    1.11111    6.501E-02
     0.20000  0.20000    1.00000    5.848E-02
     0.40000  0.00000    0.00000    7.072E-02
     0.40000  0.02000   20.00000    9.547E-02
     0.40000  0.04000   10.00000    1.098E-01
     0.40000  0.06000    6.66667    1.192E-01
     0.40000  0.08000    5.00000    1.252E-01
     0.40000  0.10000    4.00000    1.275E-01
     0.40000  0.12000    3.33333    1.253E-01
     0.40000  0.14000    2.85714    1.151E-01
     0.40000  0.16000    2.50000    9.882E-02
     0.40000  0.18000    2.22222    8.485E-02
     0.40000  0.20000    2.00000    7.433E-02
     0.60000  0.00000    0.00000    6.940E-02
     0.60000  0.02000   30.00000    9.626E-02
     0.60000  0.04000   15.00000    1.130E-01
     0.60000  0.06000   10.00000    1.245E-01
     0.60000  0.08000    7.50000    1.326E-01
     0.60000  0.10000    6.00000    1.375E-01
     0.60000  0.12000    5.00000    1.393E-01
     0.60000  0.14000    4.28571    1.369E-01
     0.60000  0.16000    3.75000    1.271E-01
     0.60000  0.18000    3.33333    1.112E-01
     0.60000  0.20000    3.00000    9.604E-02
     0.80000  0.00000    0.00000    6.821E-02
     0.80000  0.02000   40.00000    9.599E-02
     0.80000  0.04000   20.00000    1.148E-01
     0.80000  0.06000   13.33333    1.282E-01
     0.80000  0.08000   10.00000    1.381E-01
     0.80000  0.10000    8.00000    1.451E-01
     0.80000  0.12000    6.66667    1.493E-01
     0.80000  0.14000    5.71429    1.506E-01
     0.80000  0.16000    5.00000    1.480E-01
     0.80000  0.18000    4.44444    1.390E-01
     0.80000  0.20000    4.00000    1.234E-01
     1.00000  0.00000    0.00000    6.733E-02
     1.00000  0.02000   50.00000    9.522E-02
     1.00000  0.04000   25.00000    1.157E-01
     1.00000  0.06000   16.66667    1.307E-01
     1.00000  0.08000   12.50000    1.421E-01
     1.00000  0.10000   10.00000    1.506E-01
     1.00000  0.12000    8.33333    1.567E-01
     1.00000  0.14000    7.14286    1.605E-01
     1.00000  0.16000    6.25000    1.615E-01
     1.00000  0.18000    5.55556    1.588E-01
     1.00000  0.20000    5.00000    1.503E-01
     1.20000  0.00000    0.00000    6.665E-02
     1.20000  0.02000   60.00000    9.424E-02
     1.20000  0.04000   30.00000    1.156E-01
     1.20000  0.06000   20.00000    1.321E-01
     1.20000  0.08000   15.00000    1.448E-01
     1.20000  0.10000   12.00000    1.547E-01
     1.20000  0.12000   10.00000    1.623E-01
     1.20000  0.14000    8.57143    1.679E-01
     1.20000  0.16000    7.50000    1.711E-01
     1.20000  0.18000    6.66667    1.719E-01
     1.20000  0.20000    6.00000    1.693E-01
     1.40000  0.00000    0.00000    6.611E-02
     1.40000  0.02000   69.99999    9.315E-02
     1.40000  0.04000   35.00000    1.152E-01
     1.40000  0.06000   23.33333    1.325E-01
     1.40000  0.08000   17.50000    1.466E-01
     1.40000  0.10000   14.00000    1.578E-01
     1.40000  0.12000   11.66667    1.666E-01
     1.40000  0.14000   10.00000    1.735E-01
     1.40000  0.16000    8.75000    1.785E-01
     1.40000  0.18000    7.77778    1.815E-01
     1.40000  0.20000    7.00000    1.821E-01
     1.60000  0.00000    0.00000    6.566E-02
     1.60000  0.02000   79.99999    9.208E-02
     1.60000  0.04000   40.00000    1.145E-01
     1.60000  0.06000   26.66667    1.327E-01
     1.60000  0.08000   20.00000    1.476E-01
     1.60000  0.10000   16.00000    1.598E-01
     1.60000  0.12000   13.33333    1.700E-01
     1.60000  0.14000   11.42857    1.775E-01
     1.60000  0.16000   10.00000    1.840E-01
     1.60000  0.18000    8.88889    1.885E-01
     1.60000  0.20000    8.00000    1.915E-01
     1.80000  0.00000    0.00000    6.524E-02
     1.80000  0.02000   90.00000    9.113E-02
     1.80000  0.04000   45.00000    1.135E-01
     1.80000  0.06000   30.00000    1.323E-01
     1.80000  0.08000   22.50000    1.480E-01
     1.80000  0.10000   18.00000    1.612E-01
     1.80000  0.12000   15.00000    1.722E-01
     1.80000  0.14000   12.85714    1.812E-01
     1.80000  0.16000   11.25000    1.886E-01
     1.80000  0.18000   10.00000    1.945E-01
     1.80000  0.20000    9.00000    1.986E-01
     2.00000  0.00000    0.00000    6.491E-02
     2.00000  0.02000   99.99999    9.025E-02
     2.00000  0.04000   50.00000    1.125E-01
     2.00000  0.06000   33.33333    1.316E-01
     2.00000  0.08000   25.00000    1.479E-01
     2.00000  0.10000   20.00000    1.618E-01
     2.00000  0.12000   16.66667    1.736E-01
     2.00000  0.14000   14.28571    1.837E-01
     2.00000  0.16000   12.50000    1.919E-01
     2.00000  0.18000   11.11111    1.988E-01
     2.00000  0.20000   10.00000    2.043E-01